English
Українська
Сталий розвиток туризму: пріоритети для України
Бабов К., Безверхнюк Т., Бабова І. Сталий розвиток туризму: пріоритети для України. Актуальні проблеми державного управління. 2019, 77(1), 23-29. doi: https://doi.org/10.35432/1993-8330appa1772019170446
Стрімке та некероване зростання туристичного сектору являє собою проблему з точки зору нераціонального використання ресурсів, деградації природної та культурної спадщини, а також негативних соціальних наслідків, що обумовлює необхідність зміни парадигми розвитку сфери туризму в бік раціонального управління та відповідального використання рекреаційно-туристичних ресурсів з дотриманням принципів сталого розвитку. В статті проаналізовано рекомендації Організації Об’єднаних Націй та Всесвітньої Туристичної Організації щодо імплементації цілей сталого розвитку в сферу туризму, окреслено основні пріоритети розвитку сталого туризму для курортно-туристичних дестинацій України, цілі сталого розвитку з урахуванням національних особливостей.
Abstract
Tourism, as one of the fastest growing economies in the world, is defined as an important participant in creating jobs and prosperity, protecting the environment, preserving cultural heritage and fighting poverty. A well-planned and managed tourism sector can help to preserve natural and cultural heritage, expand community opportunities, increase economy and promote peace and intercultural understanding.
The rapid and uncontrolled growth of the tourist sector could cause an irrational use of resources, degradation of natural and cultural heritage, as well as negative social consequences, which necessitates a change in the paradigm of development of tourism in the direction of rational management and responsible use of recreational and tourist resources in accordance with the principles of sustainable development. The article analyzes the recommendations of the United Nations (UN) and the UN World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) on the implementation of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) in the tourism sector, outlines the main priorities of the development of sustainable tourism for the tourist destination of Ukraine, the SDGs taking into account national peculiarities.
The growing recognition of the role of tourism in the sustainable development of the countries and the implementation of the UN program: “Tourism and the Sustainable Development Goals – Journey to 2030” is a significant victory, which provides a unique opportunity for all governments to create a reliable and favorable political foundation for the development of this area. In particular, it provides an opportunity for policy makers to active participation in national planning of SDGs of Ukrainian tourism sector in the following areas:
- Implementation to the Ukrainian tourism sector the principles of sustainable development adopted by the UNWTO: SDG 8, 12, 17 “Decent Work and Economic Growth”, “Responsible Production and Consumption” and “Partnership for Sustainable Development Goals”, respectively. This will make possible to harmonize the national tourism policy with world-wide principles and create favorable conditions for its development, optimize the mechanisms of state administration of the tourism sector at all levels.
- Implementation in addition to SDGs listed above the SDG that are in line with national priorities in the development of the tourist sector of Ukraine, namely, in medical and wellness, rural and event tourism. This corresponds to the SDG 3, 11, 14, 15.
- Establishment of the Sustainable Tourism Observatory in Ukraine, which compliant with the United Nation’s SDGs and the activities of the UNWTO in the organization of International Network of Sustainable Tourism Observatories, which monitor the economic, environmental and social impact of tourism at the level of the destinations.
- Development of indicators for monitoring of sustainable tourism development taking into account national priorities, in particular, resort and recreational potential of Ukraine. The scientific basis for these tasks is the State Institution “Ukrainian Research Institute of Medical Rehabilitation and Resort Therapy of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine” (Odessa, Ukraine).
- Diversity and prevalence of recreational and natural treatment resources (mineral waters, medical muds, etc.) on the territory of Ukraine necessitate the establishment of a Register of Tourist Destinations with the distribution of regions according to resort potential with the definition of the resorts specialization, followed by the data on their compliance with the sustainable development criteria. It is urgent for the formation of state policy and spatial planning of resort areas.
Implementation of the sustainable development principles in tourism sector of Ukraine will promote protection of the environment and natural resources, cultural heritage, increase of economic indicators and social well-being of the population.
